Natural Mosquito Repellent
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Mosquito
Some of an assortment of two-winged insects of the family, in which the female of most species is distinguished by a long proboscis for sucking blood. Some species are vectors
of diseases such as malaria and yellow fever.
Some of an assortment of two-winged insects of the family, in which the female of most species is distinguished by a long proboscis for sucking blood. Some species are vectors
of diseases such as malaria and yellow fever.
Mosquito small, long-legged insect of the order Dipteral, the true flies. The
females of most species have piercing and sucking mouth parts and apparently they must feed at
least once upon mammalian blood before their eggs can develop properly. The males may have
beaks, or proboscis, but cannot pierce, and they feed upon fruit and plant juices. The female
produces the characteristic whining sound by vibrating thin horny membranes on the thorax. The
eggs are laid singly or glued together to form rafts, usually in stagnant water in ponds, pools, open
containers, and other aquatic habitats—the particular type of habitat depending on the species. The
aquatic larvae, or wrigglers, pass through four larval stages, feeding on microscopic animal and
plant life. Except in the genus Anopheles, the wriggler has an air tube near the end of the abdomen
and makes frequent trips to the surface to use it as a supplement to the gills. The pupa, or tumbler,
shaped like a question mark, takes no food but surfaces often to breathe through air tubes on its
thorax. One method of mosquito control is the spreading of oily substances on infested water, which
prevents access to air and suffocates the pupae.
females of most species have piercing and sucking mouth parts and apparently they must feed at
least once upon mammalian blood before their eggs can develop properly. The males may have
beaks, or proboscis, but cannot pierce, and they feed upon fruit and plant juices. The female
produces the characteristic whining sound by vibrating thin horny membranes on the thorax. The
eggs are laid singly or glued together to form rafts, usually in stagnant water in ponds, pools, open
containers, and other aquatic habitats—the particular type of habitat depending on the species. The
aquatic larvae, or wrigglers, pass through four larval stages, feeding on microscopic animal and
plant life. Except in the genus Anopheles, the wriggler has an air tube near the end of the abdomen
and makes frequent trips to the surface to use it as a supplement to the gills. The pupa, or tumbler,
shaped like a question mark, takes no food but surfaces often to breathe through air tubes on its
thorax. One method of mosquito control is the spreading of oily substances on infested water, which
prevents access to air and suffocates the pupae.
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The mosquito (pl. mosquitos, mosquitoes) is a member of the family Culicidae; these insects have a
pair of scaled wings, a pair of halteres, a slender body, and long legs. The females of most
mosquito species suck blood from other animals. Size varies but is rarely greater than 15 mm (0.6
inch). Mosquitoes weigh only about 2 to 2.5 mg (0.03 to 0.04 grain). They can fly at about 1.5 to 2.5
km/h (0.9 to 1.6 mph). Mosquitoes have been around for 170 million years. The family Culicidae
belongs to the order Diptera and contains about 2700 species in about 35 genera including
Anopheles, Culex, Psorophora, Ochlerotatus, Aedes, Sabethes, Wyeomyia, Culiseta, and
Haemagoggus.
pair of scaled wings, a pair of halteres, a slender body, and long legs. The females of most
mosquito species suck blood from other animals. Size varies but is rarely greater than 15 mm (0.6
inch). Mosquitoes weigh only about 2 to 2.5 mg (0.03 to 0.04 grain). They can fly at about 1.5 to 2.5
km/h (0.9 to 1.6 mph). Mosquitoes have been around for 170 million years. The family Culicidae
belongs to the order Diptera and contains about 2700 species in about 35 genera including
Anopheles, Culex, Psorophora, Ochlerotatus, Aedes, Sabethes, Wyeomyia, Culiseta, and
Haemagoggus.
"Mosquito" is a Spanish or Portuguese word meaning little fly, and its use dates back to
about 1583. Before then, they were called "biting flies" in English, but the term "mosquito" was adopted to prevent confusion with the
house fly.
about 1583. Before then, they were called "biting flies" in English, but the term "mosquito" was adopted to prevent confusion with the
house fly.
Mosquitoes and health
Some mosquitoes are capable of transmitting protozoan diseases such as malaria (see Plasmodium falciparum), filarial diseases like filariasis, and viral diseases such as yellow
fever, dengue, encephalitis, and West Nile virus.
West Nile virus was accidentally introduced into the United States in 1999 and by 2003 had spread to almost every state. Through the transmission of such diseases, it can be argued
that mosquitoes have caused more human deaths than any other animal.
When a mosquito first bites a human, she injects saliva and anti-coagulants. When one is first bitten there is no reaction, but after several bites the body's immune system becomes
sensitized and an itchy red mark appears about a day after the bite. This is the usual reaction in young children.
After many more bites, the sensitivity of the human immune system increases, and an itchy red hive appears in minutes where the immune response has broken capillary blood vessel
and fluid has collected under the skin. This type of reaction is common in older children and adults.
Some adults could possibly become desensitized to mosquitoes, and not have any reaction to their bites, but others can become hyper-sensitive; bites cause large painful red welts.
Mosquitoes are also very irritating as sometimes they tend to fly around the ears of humans thus their wingbeats coming within audible range of the human ear. This is especially more
pronounced during the monsoon season in tropical climates when the incidence of mosquitoes increase many fold. The buzzing noise wakes up people who would otherwise have not
been disturbed by the mosquito bite alone. This has prompted many to stuff their ears with cotton to shut out the buzzing of the mosquitoes. So use natural mosquito repellent.
Some mosquitoes are capable of transmitting protozoan diseases such as malaria (see Plasmodium falciparum), filarial diseases like filariasis, and viral diseases such as yellow
fever, dengue, encephalitis, and West Nile virus.
West Nile virus was accidentally introduced into the United States in 1999 and by 2003 had spread to almost every state. Through the transmission of such diseases, it can be argued
that mosquitoes have caused more human deaths than any other animal.
When a mosquito first bites a human, she injects saliva and anti-coagulants. When one is first bitten there is no reaction, but after several bites the body's immune system becomes
sensitized and an itchy red mark appears about a day after the bite. This is the usual reaction in young children.
After many more bites, the sensitivity of the human immune system increases, and an itchy red hive appears in minutes where the immune response has broken capillary blood vessel
and fluid has collected under the skin. This type of reaction is common in older children and adults.
Some adults could possibly become desensitized to mosquitoes, and not have any reaction to their bites, but others can become hyper-sensitive; bites cause large painful red welts.
Mosquitoes are also very irritating as sometimes they tend to fly around the ears of humans thus their wingbeats coming within audible range of the human ear. This is especially more
pronounced during the monsoon season in tropical climates when the incidence of mosquitoes increase many fold. The buzzing noise wakes up people who would otherwise have not
been disturbed by the mosquito bite alone. This has prompted many to stuff their ears with cotton to shut out the buzzing of the mosquitoes. So use natural mosquito repellent.
In summer the life cycle may take only two weeks, resulting in several generations a year in some species. During the blood meals the females may either acquire or transmit various
disease organisms. Many species of Anopheles mosquitoes, recognizable by their tilted resting position, carry the protozoan parasites that cause malaria; species of the genus Aedes
transmit the viruses responsible for yellow fever, jungle yellow fever, and dengue fever; and in the S United States and in the tropics, members of the genus Culex, to which the
common house mosquito belongs, are vectors of filariasis, the infection by a filarial worm that causes elephantiasis, and human encephalitis. Mosquitoes have become adapted to
extremes of climate and are found far north of the Arctic Circle, where they winter as larvae frozen in the ice. Dragonflies, damselflies, and several insectivorous birds are the natural
enemies of the adults; the wrigglers are eaten in large quantities by small fishes and aquatic insects. Control of these major insect pests by other than natural means poses many
problems; the long-range harmful effects of many insecticides are very serious, and swamp drainage tends to upset the balance of nature in addition to eliminating the mosquito.
Mosquitoes are classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Diptera, family Culicidae.
disease organisms. Many species of Anopheles mosquitoes, recognizable by their tilted resting position, carry the protozoan parasites that cause malaria; species of the genus Aedes
transmit the viruses responsible for yellow fever, jungle yellow fever, and dengue fever; and in the S United States and in the tropics, members of the genus Culex, to which the
common house mosquito belongs, are vectors of filariasis, the infection by a filarial worm that causes elephantiasis, and human encephalitis. Mosquitoes have become adapted to
extremes of climate and are found far north of the Arctic Circle, where they winter as larvae frozen in the ice. Dragonflies, damselflies, and several insectivorous birds are the natural
enemies of the adults; the wrigglers are eaten in large quantities by small fishes and aquatic insects. Control of these major insect pests by other than natural means poses many
problems; the long-range harmful effects of many insecticides are very serious, and swamp drainage tends to upset the balance of nature in addition to eliminating the mosquito.
Mosquitoes are classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Diptera, family Culicidae.
In most female mosquitoes, the mouth parts form a long proboscis for piercing the skin of mammals (or in some cases birds or even reptiles and amphibians) to suck their blood.
The females require protein for egg development, and since the normal mosquito diet consists of nectar and fruit juice, which has no protein, most must drink blood to get the
necessary protein. Males differ from females, with mouth parts not suitable for blood sucking. There is one genus of mosquitoes, Toxorhynchites, that never drinks blood. The larvae of
these large mosquitoes are predatory on other mosquito larvae.
The females require protein for egg development, and since the normal mosquito diet consists of nectar and fruit juice, which has no protein, most must drink blood to get the
necessary protein. Males differ from females, with mouth parts not suitable for blood sucking. There is one genus of mosquitoes, Toxorhynchites, that never drinks blood. The larvae of
these large mosquitoes are predatory on other mosquito larvae.
The mosquito undergoes complete metamorphosis, i.e. it goes through four distinct stages in its life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The length of the first three stages is species-
and temperature-dependent. Culex tarsalis may complete its life cycle in 14 days at 20 °C (68 °F) and only ten days at 25 °C (77 °F). Some species have a life cycle of as little as four
days or up to one month. The larvae are the "wrigglers" or "wigglers" found in puddles or water-filled containers. These breathe atmospheric oxygen through a siphon at the tail end.
The pupae are nearly as active as the larvae, but breathe through thoracic "horns" attached to the thoracic spiracles. Most larvae feed on microorganisms, but a few are predatory on
other mosquito larvae. Some mosquito larvae, such as those of Wyeomyia live in unusual situations. These mosquito repellent live either in the water collected in epiphytic bromeliads
or inside water stored in carnivorous pitcher plants. Larvae of the genus Deinocerites live in crab holes along the edge of the ocean.
and temperature-dependent. Culex tarsalis may complete its life cycle in 14 days at 20 °C (68 °F) and only ten days at 25 °C (77 °F). Some species have a life cycle of as little as four
days or up to one month. The larvae are the "wrigglers" or "wigglers" found in puddles or water-filled containers. These breathe atmospheric oxygen through a siphon at the tail end.
The pupae are nearly as active as the larvae, but breathe through thoracic "horns" attached to the thoracic spiracles. Most larvae feed on microorganisms, but a few are predatory on
other mosquito larvae. Some mosquito larvae, such as those of Wyeomyia live in unusual situations. These mosquito repellent live either in the water collected in epiphytic bromeliads
or inside water stored in carnivorous pitcher plants. Larvae of the genus Deinocerites live in crab holes along the edge of the ocean.
Most mosquito species outside of the tropics overwinter as eggs, but a significant minority overwinter as larvae or adults. Mosquitoes of the genus Culex (a vector for St. Louis
encephalitis) overwinter as mated adult females.
encephalitis) overwinter as mated adult females.
The Mosquito Life Cycle
Mosquitoes are found all over the world, except in Antarctica. These two-winged insects
belong to the order Diptera. Members of the genera Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes are most commonly responsible for bites in humans. There are approximately 170 species of
mosquitoes in North America alone.
To develop, mosquitoes require an environment of standing water. As a group, they have
adapted to complete their life cycle in diverse aquatic habitats, including fresh water; salt
water marshes; brackish water; or water found in containers, old tires, or tree holes. The life cycle of the mosquito has four stages. The female mosquito lays her eggs, up to several
hundred at a time, on the surface of the water or in an area subject to flooding. Unhatched eggs of some species can withstand weeks to months of desiccation, remaining viable until
the right conditions for hatching occur. The eggs of most species hatch in 2 to 3 days, and the larvae feed on organic matter in the water for about a week until they change into pupae.
The pupae live at the surface of the water for 2 to 3 days before metamorphosing into adult mosquitoes.
Only female mosquitoes bite. Male mosquitoes feed primarily on flower nectar, whereas
female mosquitoes require a blood meal to produce eggs. They usually feed every 3 to 4
days; in a single feeding, a female mosquito typically consumes more than its own weight
in blood [3]. Certain species of mosquitoes prefer to feed at twilight or nighttime; others bite mostly during the day.
Mosquitoes are found all over the world, except in Antarctica. These two-winged insects
belong to the order Diptera. Members of the genera Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes are most commonly responsible for bites in humans. There are approximately 170 species of
mosquitoes in North America alone.
To develop, mosquitoes require an environment of standing water. As a group, they have
adapted to complete their life cycle in diverse aquatic habitats, including fresh water; salt
water marshes; brackish water; or water found in containers, old tires, or tree holes. The life cycle of the mosquito has four stages. The female mosquito lays her eggs, up to several
hundred at a time, on the surface of the water or in an area subject to flooding. Unhatched eggs of some species can withstand weeks to months of desiccation, remaining viable until
the right conditions for hatching occur. The eggs of most species hatch in 2 to 3 days, and the larvae feed on organic matter in the water for about a week until they change into pupae.
The pupae live at the surface of the water for 2 to 3 days before metamorphosing into adult mosquitoes.
Only female mosquitoes bite. Male mosquitoes feed primarily on flower nectar, whereas
female mosquitoes require a blood meal to produce eggs. They usually feed every 3 to 4
days; in a single feeding, a female mosquito typically consumes more than its own weight
in blood [3]. Certain species of mosquitoes prefer to feed at twilight or nighttime; others bite mostly during the day.
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